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Governor Brendan Byrne holds bill--the Casino Control Act-- he had just signed on June 2, 1977 establishing process for licensing casinos before crowd in front of Atlantic City Convention Hall. Image: New Jersey State Archives
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*   Casino-Hotel Profiles
* Bally's  *  Borgata  * Caesars  *  Golden Nugget  
*  Hard Rock  *  Harrah's  
*  Ocean Resort  *  Resorts  *  Tropicana


*  How to Gamble - Rules & Strategies

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      On May 14, 2018, the US Supreme Court issued its decision in the case of Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association in which it held that a federal law enacted in 1992--the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA) which essentially limited sports betting to Nevada--was unconstitutional. In a 6-3 decision, the Court's majority opinion written by Justice Samuel Alito, Jr., (a New Jersey native), found that the 1992 law violated the 10th Amendment, which defines the relationship between the federal and state governments, by ordering the states to take certain actions beyond the scope of federal authority. “Congress can regulate sports gambling directly," Justice Alito wrote, "but if it elects not to do so, each State is free to act on its own. Our job is to interpret the law Congress has enacted and decide whether it is consistent with the Constitution. PASPA is not.” The Court's decision dismissed a lawsuit brought by five sports leagues, including the National Collegiate Athletic Association, to enjoin the implementation of the New Jersey sports gambling law which the state had enacted in 2014.

       The case arose as a result of a series of actions by New Jersey--including a referendum, a constitutional amendment and subsequent legislation--to challenge the prohibition of sports gambling, which was viewed by the state's struggling casino and race track sectors as a key component of future growth. By January 2023, a total of 33 states offered some form of sports betting; 19 offered full mobile betting with multiple options, 4 had limited mobile betting options, and 9 had only in-person sportsbooks. One analyst estimated that annual US sports betting revenue could grow to $11.3 billion in 2025..

       Shortly after the Supreme Court's action, which reversed lower federal court decisions against enforcement of the New Jersey law, New Jersey racetracks and casinos quickly began to obtain licenses to establish sports gambling operations at their facilities, as well as through online applications.

       During the first year of sports gambling, New Jersey recorded some $3 billion in sports bets, and in September 2021 New Jersey became the first state to record just over $1 billion in sports wagers for the month. 
More than 90% of the $1 billion in bets were placed online, according to the state Division of Gaming Enforcement, with nearly $93 million in wagers placed in person at New Jersey casinos and racetracks. .
​
       For the National Football League Superbowl played in February 2023, preliminary statistics reported by Atlantic City casinos and New Jersey racetracks totaled approximately $109 million, with a projected total sports wagering payout of $96.5 million, resulting in a win of $12.8 million for the 12 retail sports books and 27 sports wagering mobile applications. Of the $11 billion in sports bets at New Jersey’s casinos and horse tracks during 2022, the casinos, tracks and their online partners kept $726 million as revenue after paying off winning bets and other expenses.

       Despite the state's early start, new competition soon emerged from other states. In January 2022, for example, New York State commenced sports gambling, which quickly surged to overtake New Jersey in betting handle and revenue, 
New York ended its first year of legal sports betting by setting an all-time annual handle record of $16.2 billion, easily surpassing the previous yearly high of $10.9 billion set by New Jersey in 2021. A total of 36 states have legalized sports gambling since 2018 and another three could approve it in 2023.

       According to the Division of Gaming Enforcement, New Jersey Sports Wagering Gross Revenue reported by casinos, racetracks, and their partners was $763 million for the 2022 calendar year, reflecting a 6.5% decline when compared to $815.8 million for the prior year period. Online sports betting made up 98% of New Jersey's gaming revenue in December 2022.  Total Gaming Revenue, including in-person and online betting, reported by casinos, racetracks, and their partners was $5.21 billion, reflecting a 10% increase from $4.74 billion reported in the prior year.

       Since sports gambling was legalized in 2018, New Jersey  bettors have bet $33.7 billion on sports—a total higher than even Nevada's $28 billion in the same time span and the highest of any state in the nation, according to Legalsportsreport.com, which tracks wagering around the country. Calls to the state’s gambling helpline have nearly tripled since 2018, reaching more than 27,000 last year, according to the Council on Compulsive Gambling, which some analysts attribute at least partly to a surge in sportsbook advertising.

       Sports books collect money from bettors who usually place wagers on single games or on longer-shot, but there are also higher-payout parlays, such as wagering on the team which will win the championship of major professional leagues at the end of the season. Bettors also can place bets on more specific outcomes, like how many complete games a pitcher will throw or touchdowns a quarterback will complete. The books make profits by taking in more in bets than they pay out in winnings. 

       The odds of individual bets are representations of the probability that the event, such as a win or a loss, is likely to occur. Betting odds of 2/1 means that out of 3 possible outcomes, the 2/1 odds are that there will be 2 of one kind of outcome and 1 of another kind of outcome. or that for every 3 betting events the selection should win 1 times and on 2 occasions the selection will not win. The 2-1 betting odds probability is a 66.67% probability of a particular outcome and 33.34% probability of another outcome. For example. at odds of 2/1 a bettor wins $2 for every $1 bet. A $100 bet at 2/1 odds accordingly would win $200, for a total payout of $300. The amount by which the implied probability diverges from 100% is the margin the bookmaker has added to that particular wager, sometimes called the "vigorish,".“vig” or “juice”.  A bet of $100 with odds of 2 to 1, for example, would return a winning payout of $200 before the bookmaker's margin is subtracted. Betting on a team at -150 odds implies that the bet has a 60% chance to win, and the bettor must risk $150 to win $100;  at those odds, the bettor must win more than 60% of  bets in order to make a profit. There are a wide variety of sports bets, including bets within a game such as a particular player hitting a home run, or one on a future outcome well in advance of any season. A $100 bet on Boston winning the World Series, for example, at the odds of +500 would win $500. Futures betting odds are continually adjusted as the team's performance affects the likelihood of the eventual result.

       Perhaps the most common sports bet is the so-called "money line" wagers placed on a game’s outcome on which team or competitor will win any given match. Since the bet is on who will win, usually with two teams or competitors, money line bets have only a couple of possible outcomes. Either the team selected will win, in which the bettor receives a payout on the odds or the team will lose, in which case the bet is lost. Some events, such as fights, may have a third possible bet option: a draw.  

       The numbers such as +150 and -170 next to teams represent the money line payouts, which are related to the calculated odds. The negative number shows how much has to be risked to win a $100 payout. Thus, if the money line for the team picked was -400, it means that a successful $400 bet would receive $100 on payout, with the bettor having  risked $400 to gain $100. The positive number shows how much would be gained on a successful $100 bet. A +300 money line, for example, reflects that a successful bet of $100 would win $300.
 
       A "point spread" bet considers not only which team wins but also by how much. In this sort of bet, the favorite has to win by a set amount of points, runs or more. The underdog team, in comparison, doesn’t have to win; it only has to lose by less than the spread. To manage risk, bookmakers use point spreads to evenly distribute bettors on both sides of a bet.

       Money lines and point spreads both base their payouts on the odds of a team winning or losing by accounting for the relative strength of each team or competitor.  Money lines, however, change the amount charged for bets on a team, while point spreads change the team scores that would count as a win. According to some financial studies, the information in money line markets may be more precise than that in point spread markets.

       Another common wager is the "over/under", sometimes shortened as O/U, and sometimes called the "total". The sportsbook sets the line at the total number of points it believes will be scored by both teams collectively during the game. In this type of wager, it doesn’t matter which team scores the points and they can all be scored by one team or scored collectively by both. The number listed, such as 185 for a NBA pro basketball game, 9 for a baseball game, or 52 for an NFL football game, is the line for over/under bets. A bet on the over means the bettor believes both teams will combine to score more runs or points than the listed total. A bet on the under means the bettor feels the total will be less than the total listed. If the actual number equals the listed value, the bet is a "push", and all bets are refunded.  
​. 
       According to a research report, the weekly fantasy sports operators FanDuel and DraftKings are the industry leaders in total US market shares. Legacy casino companies, most notably MGM’s brand, BetMGM, and Caesars Casino & Sportsbook, also have grown rapidly. In April 2021, Caesars Entertainment announced completion of its  acquisition of William Hill PLC, the veteran British-based bookmaking firm, for approximately $4 billion, with its intention to sell William Hill's non-US assets. With the acquisition, Caesars announced that it would be operational in over 20 US jurisdictions.
*  Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association, Oyez.com 
​*  NJ ​Sports Wagering Law, P.L. 2018, c. 33 
​*  Global Gaming Business Magazine
*  New York Sets All-Time State Sports Betting Handle Record of $16.2 Billion, 1/11/2023, Covers.com
*  Sports Wagering Gross Revenue Information, Division of Gaming Enforcement, NJ Department of Law & Public Safety
*  Center for Gaming Research, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
*  US Sports Betting Revenue & Handle, 1/20/2023,  LegalSportsReport.com
*  NJ Sports Wagering Law, Division of Gaming Enforcement
*  NJ made itself a sports betting king. Gambling addiction is soaring, 1/20/2023, APP.com ​(subscription)
​*  ​Council on Compulsive Gambling of New Jersey 800gambler.org
*  How To Bet 101: Sports Betting Explained,  sportsbook.draftkings.com
*  Betting odds explained: How do odds work?, Pinnacle.com
​
*  Money Line Bet, Investopedia.com
Governor Murphy places first legal sports bets in New Jersey on June 14, 2018 at the Monmouth Park Sports Book by placing two $20 bets, one on Germany to win the World Cup, and the other on the New Jersey Devils to win the Stanley Cup

​LICENSED SPORTS GAMBLING

-- Casino-Hotels 
​
  • ​Borgata Hotel Casino and Spa Race and Sports Book                                   (100 seats with individual flat screen monitors, 10 betting windows, kiosks available for horse racing bets, video wall view of live events from all major international athletic and race events, also sponsors video series 'Behind the Book' streamed from Las Vegas analyzing sports betting) (Parent firm MGM International announced July 2018 agreement for joint venture with GVC Holdings, British owner of well-known bookmaking firm Ladbrokes, to create US sports betting and online gambling platform, including mobile app and website)
  • ​FanDuel Sportsbook at Bally's                                                                (FanDuel Sportsbook at Bally's Atlantic City located by the casino’s northern Boardwalk entrance. Two large video walls and multiple betting kiosks, sports wagers at five betting windows or 20 IGT PlaySports self-serve betting kiosks) ​
  • Golden Nugget sportsbook            
          (Affiliation with Philadelphia's SugarHouse casino online sports betting through                PlaySugarHouse.com; no betting on National   Basketball Association games               due to casino-hotel owner Tilman Fertitta's ownership of NBA's Houston                          Rockets) 
  • Hard Rock Hotel & Casino​                                                                                (features Sports Bar with over 40 TVs, also offers six betting stations available to Hard Rock Online Sports Betting guests)  
  • Caesars Sportsbook                                                                                       (operated by William Hill, UK-based veteran gambling firm acquired 2021 by parent Caesars Entertainment, on-site location off casino, 32 leather chairs, five screens and six high-top tables in lounge area)
  • Ocean Casino Resort - William Hill Sports Book                                    (Former Revel casino, re-opened June 2018 under new name and ownership> Sports gambling located on casino floor, 7,500 square-foot space with center bar surrounded by state-of-art video wall; managed by veteran British bookmaking firm William Hill Ltd.) ​
  • ​Resorts Sports Book                                                                                      (second-leading NJ site in revenue behind only Meadowlands, features six betting windows, four self-service kiosks,  12-foot video wall with 15 television screens, online betting in affiliation with  DraftKings and BetStars PokerStarsNJ) 
​   
Picture

-- Racetracks​

  • Monmouth Park Sports Book by William Hill  (managed by veteran British bookmaking firm William Hill, acquired 2021 by parent Caesars  Entertainment,22 betting windows, 50 TVs, 75-foot wide video board)                                                 
  • Meadowlands Racetrack                                               online partners FanDuel, PointsBet  and Superbook, leading NJ sports gambling site, generated over half of revenue of all sites through August 2021)

  • FanDuel Sportsbook                                                                                           (first to offer online sports betting application in NJ, founded 2009, pioneered fast-growth fantasy sports sector, now over one million users in weekly, and season-long game options for NFL, NBA, MLB, NHL, Golf, WNBA, etc.) (completed merger July 2018 with Paddy Power Betfair creating largest US online sports application, also manages sports betting for Meadowlands Racetrack)

  • BetMGM NJSports                                                                                    (Operated by MGM Resorts International, parent firm of Borgata) (Available only on Android devices)

  • 888 Sport                                                                                                     (Gibraltar-based, principal partner of Caesars Entertainment providing platform for Caesars' WSOP.com in online gambling, also offers site under its own brand) 
 
  • BetParx                                                                                                         (Launched 2022 by Greenwood Gaming and Entertainment, the parent company of Parx Casino in Pennsylvania, and Playtech, an online gambling software supplier, available to NJ, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Michigan, and Ohio users)
 
  • SugarHouse Sportsbook                                                                             (First NJ online casino to integrate an online sportsbook with an online casino) (Operated by parent of SugarHouse Casino in Philadelphia, partnership with Golden Nugget in AC)

  • BetRivers Sportsbook                                                                    (offers 100% deposit match bonus and also has a huge MLB betting menu with odds from matches and leagues around  world, also some unique markets and same game parlay options. 

   
Government
*  Division of Gaming Enforcement, New Jersey Department of Law & Public Safety
*  Casino Control Commission, State of New Jersey
*  Casino Reinvestment Development Authority
​


Media and reference
*  NJ Sports Betting, LegalSportsReport.com
*  NJGamblingWebsites.com
​
*  Legal US sports betting sites January 2023, LegalSportsReport.com
*  eGamingReview
*  Casino Association of New Jersey
*  CasinoConnectionAC.com
*  Atlantic City Guidebook
*  American Casino Guide, New Jersey Online Casinos
​
*  Center for Gambling Studies, School of Social Work, Rutgers University
*  Lloyd D. Levenson Institute of Gaming, Hospitality and Tourism, Stockton University

Advertising & Sponsorships
 Pennsylvania Online Poker Sites & Regulations
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Postcard circa 1890  Image: NewJerseyAlmanac.com
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