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-- New Jersey: Fast facts

1737 census of colony of New Jersey Image: NJ State Archives

• Population size & density: As of mid‑2025, New Jersey has approximately 9.32 million residents, making it the most densely populated U.S. state with around 1,195 people per square mile njbia.org+6nchstats.com+6nypost.com+6.
  
• Diverse & urban: Every county in NJ is designated “urban.” The population is ethnically diverse: ~55% White (non‑Hispanic), ~13% Black, ~10% Asian, and ~22% Hispanic/Latino .
  
• High immigrant share: About 23–24% of residents are foreign-born .
  

💰 Economy & Income

• Affluence: With a median household income of ~$99,800 in 2023, NJ ranks second-highest in the U.S., and hosts the greatest density of millionaires per capita en.wikipedia.org+1njbia.org+1.
  
• Industry strengths: The state’s economy is diverse—top sectors include pharmaceuticals, biotech, IT, finance, tourism, and logistics, plus significant agricultural outputs like blueberries and cranberries en.wikipedia.org+1nchstats.com+1.
  
• Science & tech hub: NJ has the highest concentration per square mile of scientists and engineers in the world; Jersey City ranks among the top 5 U.S. tech cities, hosting nearly 400 tech/IT firms en.wikipedia.org.
  

🏡 Housing & Cost of Living

• Housing affordability crunch: Rising assessments and the nation's high property taxes contribute to a steep cost of living .
  
• Suburban rental boom: New Jersey leads the nation with 39 suburbs now majority-renter, including places like Harrison and Union City where renters represent over 80% of households nypost.com.
  
• Median home price & mortgage: The median new home price is around $460,000, and mortgage rates hover near 6.5% nypost.com.
  

💸 Taxes & Fiscal Policy

• Property taxes: NJ holds the title for the highest average property tax rate in the country, around 2.23%, meaning a $400,000 home incurs roughly $8,920 per year states.aarp.org+8realpha.com+8sandz.net+8.
  
• Income tax brackets: State income tax ranges from 1.4% to 10.75%, with seven brackets for single filers states.aarp.org.
  
• Sales tax & exemptions: The standard 6.625% statewide rate applies to most goods. Some exceptions exist (e.g., food, prescription meds, Urban Enterprise Zone areas at 3.3125%) nj.gov+1en.wikipedia.org+1.
  
• EV tax change: Purchases of zero‑emission vehicles face a 3.3125% tax through June 30, 2025, then revert to the full 6.625% rate nj.gov.
  

🏛️ State Budget & Tax Relief

• Recent state budgets: Gov. Murphy’s FY2026 budget (~$58.1 billion) includes a $6.3 billion surplus and $3.5 billion earmarked for property tax relief via the ANCHOR program apnews.com+1njlm.org+1.
  
• Property tax relief: The ANCHOR initiative has delivered over $4 billion in the past two years to nearly 2 million residents njlm.org.
  

📚 Education & Quality of Life

• Top-tier public schools: NJ consistently ranks among the best in the nation for public education; 2024 per-pupil spending is ~$26,600 (2nd only to NY) .
  
• Health & wellbeing: The state boasts one of the healthiest populations, with below-average obesity and smoking rates nj1015.com+5nchstats.com+5njlm.org+5.
  

🌐 Environment & Climate

• Rapid warming: NJ is the fastest-warming U.S. state over the past century, per NOAA en.wikipedia.org+3en.wikipedia.org+3states.aarp.org+3.
  
• Superfund legacy: The state has more Superfund toxic waste sites than any other, with only ~35 cleaned to date en.wikipedia.org.
  

​

-- People
* Estimated Population December 2024- 9,500,851
* Population 2020 Census-  9,288,994
* Population 2010 Census-   8,791,894
* Population % change 2010 to 2020-  5.7%
* Persons 18 years and over % 2020-  78.4% 
* Persons under 5 years in age % 2020- 5.8%
* Net change persons moving in or to other states 2024 (United Van Lines/U-Haul)-  out-of-state departures 51.9% inbound: 48.1%;
*  Foreign-born individuals 2018- 23% of total population 
* White alone % 2020-  55%    
* Black or African American alone % 2020-  13.1% 
* Hispanic or Latino (of any race) % 2020-   21.6%   
* Asian alone % 2020-  10.2%  
* Undocumented immigrants 2023 estimate-  428,000 
* Persons per square mile 2020-    1,195.5 ​
*  Marriage Rate    5.1 (marriages per 1,000
*  Divorce Rate    2.3 (divorces per 1,000

*  US Census Bureau
​*  American Fact Finder, US Census Bureau
*  National Movers Study 2021, United Van Lines
​

* -- Education
* High school graduation rate 2021 Female-  93%
* High school graduation rate 2021 Male-  88.3%
* High school graduation rate 2014-  88.6%
* Public school enrollment 2021- 1,302,139
* Charter school enrollment 2021- 57,453​
* Bachelor's degree or higher % persons age 25+, 2009-2013- 35.8%
* Number of full-time classroom teachers 2016-2017 - ​116,351
*  Median salaries district superintendents 2016-2017- $147,500
* Median salaries administrators & supervisors 2016-2017- $113,558
*  Median salaries principals 2016-2017- $123,608
* Median salaries classroom teachers 2016-2017- $66,184
* Number of public schools 2022- ​2,508
* Number of charter schools 2020-2021- 115​
* Number of elementary schools 2023- 2,005
* Number of secondary schools 2023- 503
* Total number of operating school districts 2016-2017- 678
* Total state aid to K-12 school districts 2016-2017- ​$8.03 billion

*  New Jersey Department of Education
​*  Educational Attainment in the United States: 2021, US Census Bureau
​*  School Performance Reports 2020-21, New Jersey Department of Education

-- Income, economy 
* Median household income 2023-   $91,590
* Average property tax bill 2023- $9,800
* Households with income $100,000 or more 2016- 1,087,253
* Per capita income 2023-  $82,103
* Persons below poverty level % 2014-19-   10%
​* Per capita gross domestic product 2018- $62,263
* Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2009-2013-   $327,100
* Private nonfarm establishments, 2013-  230,281
* Private nonfarm employment  2013-  3,492,216
* Non-employer establishments 2013-  629,395
* Fortune 500 companies headquarters 2018- 22
* Tax burden 2021 Total 10.11% (6th highest of 50 states); Property Tax 4.98% (4th highest); Income 2.54% (20th highest); Sales & Excise 2.59% (43rd highest)
*  US Census Bureau

-- Health
*  Births 2020-  97,954
*  Death rate 2020- 1,080.8 per 100,000 standardized population
*  Marriage rate per 1,000 total population 2020- 7.8
*  Smokers per total population  2022- 13.1%
*  Obesity 2014- 26.3%
*  Infant mortality 2014-  4.8 deaths per 1,000 live births
*  Cancer deaths 2014-  185.5  deaths per 100,000 population
*  Cardiovascular deaths 2014-  246.8 deaths per 100,000 population
*  Drug deaths 2013-2014-  11.6 deaths per 100,000 population
*  Total professionally active physicians 2016- 28,464
key health indicators
*  Fertility Rate    58.7 (births per 1,000 women 15-44 years of age)
*  Teen Birth Rate    8.2 (births per 1,000 females 15-19 years of age)
*  Infant Mortality Rate    3.57 (infant deaths per 1,000 live births)²
*  Life Expectancy (at Birth)    79.0 years (2021)
*  Leading Cause of Death    Heart Disease
*  Drug Overdose Death Rate    31.6 (per 100,000)¹
*  Firearm Injury Death Rate    5.0 (per 100,000)¹
*  Homicide Rate    3.8 (per 100,000)¹

* State Health Facts, Kaiser Family Foundation

-- Geography
* Land area -  7,354.22 square miles
* Highest elevation-  1,803 feet at High Point in Sussex County
* Longitude: 73° 53' 39"W to 75° 35'W
* Latitude: 38° 55'N to 41° 21' 23"N
* Length and Width-  150 miles long and 70 miles wide
* Largest county in area- Burlington (805 square miles)
* Smallest county in area- ​Hudson (46.19 square miles)
* Distance from Newark to Rome, Italy- ​4,303.7 miles
* Distance from Jersey City to North Pole- 3,408 miles
* Driving distance from Newark to Los Angeles- ​​2,779.12 miles
* Geographic center of state- Jackson in Ocean County (5 miles southeast of Trenton)​ 

*  US Bureau of Transportation Statistics

-- Transportation
*  Total daily vehicle miles traveled 2023- 78,229,836 
*  Public road mileage 2023-38,784 
*  Traffic fatalities 2023- 606 (pedestrian 177)
*  Deadliest highways 2018- Garden State Parkway 25 fatalities; NJ Turnpike 21; I-80 16; Route 1 15;
*  Maximum number of NJ Transit buses on road at any given time on weekdays- 1,867 (Saturdays- 683; Sundays- 541)
*  Licensed drivers 2021- 6,461,960 ​
*  Motor vehicle registrations 2021-  2.53 million (total cars; public and private buses; ​trucks; motorcycles)
*  Newark Liberty Airport passenger enplanements 2023 - 49.1 million 

* New Jersey Department of Transportation​
* Federal Highway Administration, US Department of Transportation​
.

New Jersey Firsts -

• The first organized baseball game was played in Hoboken in 1846.
• The first intercollegiate football game was played by Rutgers and Princeton in New Brunswick on November 6, 1869. Rutgers won 6 to 4.
• The first boardwalk in the world was built in 1870 at Atlantic City.
• The first copper mine in America was opened by enterprising Dutch settlers in the Kittatinny Mountains, circa 1640.
• The first drive-in movie theater was built on a 10-acre plot in Camden County in 1933.
• The first seashore resorts opened in Cape May and Long Branch in the early 1800s.
• The first Miss America was chosen in Atlantic City in 1921.
• The first movie was developed by Thomas A. Edison in West Orange in 1889.
• The first brewery in America opened in Hoboken in 1642.
• The first phonograph was made by Thomas A. Edison in Menlo Park in 1877.
• On January 9, 1793, the first balloon flight in America was made by Jean-Pierre Blanchard with the balloon landing in Deptford, carrying a letter from George Washington.
• The first condensed soup in America was cooked and canned by Campbell's in Camden in 1897.
• The first professional basketball game was played in Trenton in 1896 with the Trenton YMCA defeating the Brooklyn YMCA 15-1. Admission was charged, and players were paid, making it the first professional game in the sport.
• The first ferry service in the United States was based out of Hoboken in 1811, traveling between Hoboken and Manhattan.
•  The first incandescent lamp (light bulb) was made by Thomas A. Edison in Menlo Park in 1879.
•  The first submarine was built in 1878 by John Holland of Passaic County. The submarine is now in a public museum in Paterson.
  
•  The first robot to replace a human worker was used by General Motors in Ewing Township in 1961.
• The first saltwater taffy was produced at the Jersey shore in the 1870s.
• The first solid body electric guitar was invented by Les Paul of Mahwah in 1940.
• The first national historic park in America was established in 1933 in Morristown.
• The first cultivated blueberries were developed and marketed by Elizabeth White of Whitesbog in 1916.
• The first steam locomotive to actually pull a train on a track was built by John Stevens of Hoboken in 1824.
• The first town to be lighted by electricity was Roselle in 1883.
• The first airplane passenger flight flew from New York to Atlantic City on May 3, 1919.

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